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exact meaning of polution
. most countries in Europe, ambient air quality has improved considerably in the last few
decades. However, there is a large body of evidence suggesting that exposure to air pollution,
even at the levels commonly achieved nowadays in European countries, leads to adverse health
effects. In particular, exposure to pollutants such as particulate matter and ozone has been found
to be associated with increases in hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory disease
and mortality in many cities in Europe and other continents. Recent studies have also tried to
quantify the health effects caused by ambient air pollution; e.g., within the “Global Burden of
Disease” project of the World Health Organization (WHO) it has been estimated that worldwide,
close to 6.4 million years of healthy life are lost due to long-term exposure to ambient particulate
matter (1, 2).
In the 1990s, WHO updated its Air quality guidelines (AQG) for Europe (3), to provide detailed
information on the adverse effects of exposure to different air pollutants on human health. The
prime aim of these guidelines was to provide a basis for protecting human health from effects of
air pollution. The guidelines were in particular intended to provide information and guidance for
authorities to make risk management decisions. The European Union (EU) used the WHO
guidelines as a basis to set binding air quality limit values and target values for all EU member
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