| 3091 Views | All about VLCC By : Reema
Starting as a single centre in New Delhi in 1989, VLCC is today India's leading chain of health, beauty and fitness centres. Over the period of time, the company has revolutionised the concepts of health and beauty, by consolidating them as one with its “Look Good, Feel Great” mantra. |
| 1403 Views | Interesting facts about Japan By : sainil
Interesting facts about Japan
Learn some interesting facts about Japan by reading this informative article! |
| 739 Views | Blue Ray Disk By : Blue Ray disk
© Blu-ray Disc Founders, August 2004
The contents in this White Paper may be modified at the discretion of Format owners.
White paper
Blu-ray Disc Format
General
August 2004
1/37
© Blu-ray Disc Founders, August 2004
The contents in this White Paper may be modified at the discretion of Format owners.
TEG1Part1e040823.doc
INDEX
1. General
1.1 The objective of Blu-ray
1.2 Optimization of the cover layer thickness
1.3 Blu-ray Format
1.3.1 Physical Format
1.3.2 Outline of the file system application format
1.3.2.1 Application Format
1.3.2.2 File System Format
1.3.3 Principal BD Specifications
1.4 Dual Layer
1.5 Contents Protection System and Interface
1.6 Hard-Coating for Bare Discs
1.7 Blu-ray Discs and Cartridges
1.8 Roadmap of the Blu-ray Disc Standard
2/37
© Blu-ray Disc Founders, August 2004
The contents in this White Paper may be modified at the discretion of Format owners.
TEG1Part1e040823.doc
1.1 The Objective of Blu-ray
The standards for 12-cm optical discs, CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray rewritable discs (BD-RE Standard) were
established in 1982, 1996, and 2002, respectively. The recording capacity required by applications was
the important issue when these standards were decided (See Fig.1.1.1). The requirement for CDs was 74
minutes of recording 2-channel audio signals and a capacity of about 800 MB. For DVDs, the requirement
as a video disc was the recording of a movie with a length of two hours and fifteen minutes using the SD
(Standard Definition) with MPEG-2 compression. The capacity was determined to be 4.7 GB considering
the balance with image quality. In the case of the Blu-ray *1) Disc, abbreviated as BD hereafter, a
recording of an HDTV digital broadcast greater than two hours is needed since the BS digital broadcast
started in 2000 and terrestrial digital broadcast has begun in 2003. It was a big motivation for us to
realize the recorder using the optical disc. In a DVD recorder, received and decoded video signals are
compressed by an MPEG encoder and then recorded on the disc. To record in the same fashion for an
HDTV broadcast, an HDTV MPEG-2 encoder is required. However, such a device for home use has not yet
been produced. In the case of BS digital broadcasts, signals are sent as a program stream at a fixed rate,
which is 24 Mbps for one HDTV program. In the program stream of BS digital broadcast there is a case
that the additional data stream is multiplexed, and it is desirable to record and read the data as is.
Fig.1.1.2 shows the recording capacity with the data transfer rate and recording time parameters. Two
hours of recording requires a recording capacity of 22 GB or more. This capacity is about 5 times that of
DVDs, which cannot achieve this capacity by merely increasing their recording density.
Red laser
High Capacity
25 GB
1.2mm CD
DVD
BD
22 GB is necessary to record BS
digital broadcasting.
780 MB was needed to record 2ch PCM
audio for 74 minutes.
Infrared laser
Blue laser |
| 661 Views | Funny Equations By : VD
It reflects humours funny equations, but true..... |
| 610 Views | motivation, diffrent theories of motivation, By : azim khan
when any orginization and indiviuals moral down then motivation helps to increase developed a task and mission |
| 567 Views | How To Make A Girl Fall In Love With You By : sainil
How To Make A Girl Fall In Love With You |
| 515 Views | TOP 120 COLEGES IN USA By : sainil
TOP 120 COLEGES IN USA |
| 406 Views | Consequences of Russian revolution By : Ragini Sinha
russian revolution |
| 376 Views | How to Cook Pumpkin Seeds - Recipe By : Indian
If you’re roasting pumpkin for pie or other recipes, you’ll be dealing with a lot of seeds. And they're so good--and good for you--that we don't want them to go to waste. |
| 350 Views | SiGnS Of fLirtInG By : umer
1 She makes eye contact and smiles at you. *
2. She hits you softly on the arm and laughs when you say something funny. *
.............................. |
| 331 Views | Bata Shoes By : Reema
Buoyed by the upswing in the economy, footwear brands are chalking up ambitious plans for reaching out to a larger audience and claiming a larger share of the wallet. The air of buoyancy is visible: ad budgets are up, MNC brands like Reebok and Adidas have new television commercials on the air after a gap of almost four years and brand shops are flush with a fresh and upgraded product line-up. In terms of strategy, distribution appears to be a major focus area, with reaching out taking precedenc |
| 307 Views | SMILE By : Jyothi
SMILE PLEASE - It looks good |
| 297 Views | What is in a Name? By : Khurshid Anand
Redefining the concept. |
| 285 Views | Difference between Router n Switch By : umer
Difference between Router n Switch |
| 280 Views | Happy New Year SMS By : sainil
Happy New Year SMS |
| 279 Views | sony ericson k750 By : umer
review |
| 264 Views | American wedding customs By : sainil
American wedding customs
Customs and superstitions surrounding weddings, those that have survived countless generations up to the modern day, and a few for after the wedding |
| 247 Views | Turtle Doves. By : sinceredesire
Turtle Doves. |
| 244 Views | Hot Gay Men By : e-fry
Have you ever met someone that you kicked it with online but once you met face to face, you find you're not attracted to them physically? Am I a shallow gay man for wanting a hot guy? |
| 243 Views | Poverty eradication in India By : nageswara rao
The articles gives scientific approach for poverty eradication in India. The actions to be taken by Government are listed in this article. |
| 241 Views | Microsoft Windows XP SPECIAL METHODS TO SPEED UP UR PC -1 By : sainil
Microsoft Windows XP, SPECIAL METHODS TO SPEED UP UR PC |
| 238 Views | Life is beautiful.pps" virus By : sainil
Life is beautiful.pps" virus |
| 231 Views | 12 Signs of Falling In Love Message: By : sainil
12 Signs of Falling In Love Message: |
| 224 Views | TIPS FOR FAIR SKIN By : sainil
TIPS FOR FAIR SKIN |
| 214 Views | Properties of magnet By : Ragini Sinha
all about magnet |
| 207 Views | Who is the Most Sexy Girl? By : Khurshid Anand
Find out the identification of most sexy girl. |
| 206 Views | Learn how to skateboard By : sainil
Learn how to skateboard
Learn how to skateboard and do some bad ass tricks. |
| 206 Views | ~~Love Poetry~~ By : sainil
~~Love Poetry~~ |
| 206 Views | What Is Your Marriage-Sign!!! By : simi
Curiosity over north indian's life style, etc etc.. |
| 205 Views | Portfolio Management By : nageswara rao
This article talks about how to maximise profit from stock market |
| 204 Views | 221 Microsoft Toggle Keys By : sainil
221 Microsoft Toggle Keys |
| 203 Views | Recovery After A Hysterectomy By : sinceredesire
Hysterectomy recovery after a hysterectomy is a crucial time in a woman's life. Recovery after a hysterectomy means a woman needs some time to adjust, to heal and to complete her hysterectomy recovery process. Here are some tips for speeding up the recovery time: |
| 201 Views | Har Lamha Tere Yaad By : sainil
Har Lamha Tere Yaad |
| 201 Views | ANKHOON--MAIN--RAHA--- By : sainil
ANKHOON--MAIN--RAHA--- |
| 199 Views | How to determine your body shape By : sainil
How to determine your body shape |
| 197 Views | Private channel TV serials By : nageswara rao
This article talks about Private TV channel serials and how to improve them. |
| 197 Views | FUNNY SMS JOKS: By : umer
FUNNY SMS JOKS: |
| 197 Views | MERA HINDUSTAN By : azim khan
it is a past india about me |
| 197 Views | How can you fight a California Traffic Ticket By : David Robson
Have you been issued a traffic ticket, other wise known as a moving violation in the State of California? Did you know that you can avoid having to go to court for a trial and instead have a written trial? The procedure is known as a Trial by Written Declaration and California is the only State that allows it. Vehicle Code Section 40902 which pertains to a Trial by Written Declaration allows a defendant (you the driver) to contest citations in writing, without having to make a personal appearance in court. A Trial by Written Declaration is available in cases involving infractions of the Vehicle Code or of local ordinances of the Vehicle Code. Violations eligible for a Trial by Written Declaration must be infractions only. Misdemeanors, mandatory court appearances and cases involving accidents make you ineligible for a Trial by Written Declaration. |
| 193 Views | Comeback Lines! By : umer
Comeback Lines! |
| 192 Views | Oscar award history By : sainil
Oscar award history
The Academy Awards Oscar presentation for excellence in the film industry has a long and rich history. |
| 192 Views | Top 20 Romantic Movies&Songs By : sainil
Top 20 Romantic Movies&Songs |
| 191 Views | A Very interesting Article By : sainil
A Very interesting Article |
| 191 Views | Bikhrey Ansoo By : sainil
Bikhrey Ansoo |
| 185 Views | MATHS STUDENT'S LOV LETTER[AMAZING] By : sainil
MATHS STUDENT'S LOV LETTER[AMAZING] |
| 183 Views | type of pollutions By : azim khan
three type of pollution in this world |
| 183 Views | Top 35 Funny Quotations by Famous Comedians! By : Nizam
Celebrate National Humor Month with this amusing collection of funny quotations from famous comedians. |
| 179 Views | Brain Teaser cool one haaa By : sainil
Brain Teaser |
| 178 Views | SWOT Analysis of Bata India Ltd. By : Reema
STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES, THREATS: |
| 178 Views | !!!Na shikaYatein Na Gila karey!!! By : sainil
!!!Na shikaYatein Na Gila karey!!! |
| 177 Views | Poems for that guy in your life By : sainil
Poems for that guy in your life |
| 176 Views | Maternity Health Insurance Coverage By : Chetan
A woman naturally gets excited when she finds out that she is pregnant. In many cases, this happiness is soon diminished when the financial burden of having a child is realized. Thirteen percent of American women who become pregnant have no maternity insurance coverage. They face the risk of inadequate pre-natal care and must find their own resources for funding the cost. If the pregnancy is complicated, this adds to the burden. |
| 175 Views | Cute Friendship Quotes By : umer
Cute Friendship Quotes - When it comes to friendship, it is important that we make certain that we call on our friends not just in the bad times. We must make certain that we include our friends during the good times of our life as well. |
| 175 Views | Romantic Countries By : sainil
Romantic Countries |
| 175 Views | INSANIYAT KE DUSHMAN By : azim khan
IT IS DELICATED TO GUJRAT GENOCIDE |
| 174 Views | Sell your house fast in Ipswich By : Mark Longman
Do you need to sell your house fast?If you need to sell a home fast in Ipswich, or anywhere else, for that matter, there are a few things you can do to sell fast and with the least hassle. |
| 171 Views | The history of Alcatraz By : sainil
The history of Alcatraz
The history of the famous Alcatraz prison nicknamed the Rock. |
| 171 Views | What is the definition of happiness anyway? By : Nizam
Finding happiness is like finding yourself. You don't find happiness, you make happiness. You choose happiness. Self-actualization is a process of discovering who you are, who you want to be and paving the way to happiness by doing what brings YOU the most meaning and contentment to your life over the long run.
This definition of happiness by David Leonhardt, The Happy Guy. |
| 170 Views | Ghazals !*! By : sainil
Ghazals !*! |
| 170 Views | Funny Sayings- Simply Bad Life Tips! By : Nizam
Find out the ugly truth behind some of the most famous life altering tips and mottos! This article without a doubt will change your point of view of life 360 degrees. |
| 169 Views | FUNNY SHAYARIS 41 By : umer
FUNNY SHAYARIS |
| 168 Views | Michael Jordan Biography By : sainil
Michael Jordan is known as the greatest basketball player ever. The number of world records that Michael Jordan holds is mind boggling. |
| 168 Views | Shaik & Haseena By : Ranjit Singh
Shaik from Arab married an Indian girl and wanted to take her to Arab. At airport instead of girl he boarded the flight with girl's mother. Girl came out of airport crying and told what had happened inside the airport to her grandmother. Grandmother, very patiently said, nothing to worry dear, when I got married, an Arab took your great grandmother instead of me and when your mother got married I boarded the flight instead of your mother, wait, ONE DAY YOU WILL ALSO BOARD THE FLIGHT. |
| 167 Views | Hawaiian tourist attractions By : sainil
Hawaiian tourist attractions
Information on various historical sites and cultural attractions for tourists to visit in the state of Hawaii. |
| 166 Views | How to sew simple curtains By : sainil
How to sew simple curtains
Directions for how to sew a simple two panel curtain. Great for beginners. |
| 164 Views | perfect husband By : umer
Several men are in the locker room of a golf club. A cell phone rings and a man engages the hands free speaker-function and begins to talk. Everyone else in the room stops to listen. |
| 164 Views | Earn Rupees Online By : VISHWAPAT
the first Indian Internet company to offer 'Get Paid to Use the Internet' Package. |
| 163 Views | Jokes to Offend Everyone By : sainil
Jokes to Offend Everyone |
| 163 Views | Boost Up Your Self Confidence By : Khurshid Anand
To Succeed At Being Yourself, Build and Boost Up Your Self-Confidence |
| 161 Views | RESUME WRITTING TIPS AND STRATEGIES...!!! By : sainil
RESUME WRITTING TIPS AND STRATEGIES...!!! |
| 160 Views | !!.."Mujhe Ko"..!! By : sainil
!!.."Mujhe Ko"..!! |
| 159 Views | types of women By : umer
hard disk women..... |
| 159 Views | love shayri too romantic By : sainil
love shayri too romantic |
| 158 Views | Search Engine Optimization & Marketing from SEO India By : Ironshirt
Search Engine Optimization helps home businesses
The relative unknown business of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is growing now that so many people are trying to create new income sources online. Home based businesses, generally selling through a web site, find that it is not at all as easy as it may seem and many fail to ever make any money. Those who find a good SEO company see their chances of success increase. |
| 158 Views | Children's room decorating: tips and points By : sainil
Children's room decorating: tips and points
Decorating your child's room with versatility in mind. |
| 158 Views | Penguin Leadership! By : Nizam
Leadership secrets from foreign penguins,Penguins show how leadership by example works. |
| 156 Views | IDENTITY CRISIS By : Reema
IDENTITY CRISIS: For most Indian consumers, Godrej Consumer Products (GCP) Cinthol is a bulky, brick-shaped green soap in a generic, white & red packaging, best known for its distinct fragrance and value-for-money association. For younger consumers, however, Cinthol has, at various points in time, denoted a lime soap, a cologne soap, a spice soap, an international soap, a fresh soap, an orange soap, a skin soap, and even a deo soap. |
| 156 Views | THE RATE OF ATTRITION IN BPO INDUSTRY By : Reema
Why should an industry bringing in investments, foreign exchange, jobs, technologies and skills be bad news? With thousands working in the BPO industry in the country and the number only going up, the effect on the country is more than what meets the eye. |
| 155 Views | 6000 Yr Old Remedy By : e-fry
6000 Yr Old Remedy:- http://aloeheal.100free.com
Is there any body you know who is suffering from any chronic diseases for a long time still struggling......don't wait read this 6000 yr old remedy.....you may blessed by God...
Billions of patients are getting healed from their chronic diseases with the help of aloe's miracle...try for your loved ones |
| 155 Views | How to Clean Cat Urine By : sinceredesire
Ideas for how to clean cat urine stains |
| 154 Views | How Does Broadband Work? By : Chetan
These days, "broadband" is a word that is thrown around easily in telecommunications and internet lingo, but the average consumer may not have a clear understanding of how broadband works. It's easy to understand why; the technology industry even has trouble defining it clearly. So how does broadband work? The online Webster's dictionary defines broadband as "A class of communication channel capable of supporting a wide range of frequencies, typically from audio up to video frequencies. |
| 154 Views | Love, Friendship, & Good Advice By : sainil
Love, Friendship, & Good Advice |
| 153 Views | Be Paid What You're Worth in Your New Job By : kukusweet
HOW TO NEGOTIATE SUCCESSFULLY FOR THE SALARY YOU WANT |
| 153 Views | STRATEGY OF BATA INDIA COMPANY By : Reema
The Company’s management has evolved the strategy of the Company after considering the Company’s strengths and weaknesses. The Company believes that this strategy will enable the Company to build on the opportunities in the market. |
| 153 Views | Leaves are an important part of plant By : Ragini Sinha
important part of plant is leave |
| 153 Views | Tari Yaad Aave Chhe By : sainil
Tari Yaad Aave Chhe |
| 153 Views | JOKE of the DAY By : sainil
JOKE of the DAY |
| 151 Views | a unique love story By : anu
they loved each other very much.a relation which went on for 13 years and from when she was hardly 13 years.it is still going on but in a very unique way today. |
| 150 Views | Nonprofit bylaws By : sainil
Nonprofit bylaws
Non-profit organizations can live and die by their bylaws. It is important to ensure that these bylaws reflect the organization and keep it out of legal troubles. Learn more... |
| 149 Views | About Women By : umer
About Women |
| 149 Views | Cobra insurance coverage By : sainil
Cobra insurance coverage
COBRA Insurance coverage -- No, it's not insurance against snake bites! COBRA is the federal law that protects your right to continue health benefits when you would otherwise lose benefits for certain specific reasons. |
| 149 Views | Discover the Lighter Side of the Internet. By : Nizam
The other side of the Internet is light and fluffy. It can definitely turn a dark, gray cloud to white. |
| 148 Views | FACTS ABOUT ICICI BANK MICRO FINANCE By : Reema
ICICI Bank's Executive Director, Dr Nachiket Mor is of the view -
“There is no altruism, it is all business and driven by the need to find new markets." |
| 148 Views | OnlinePressJokes By : Khurshid Anand
OnlinePressJokes(OPJ) |
| 147 Views | Sources of water pollution By : Ragini Sinha
water pollution. |
| 146 Views | Mix Plate By : sainil
Mix Plate |
| 146 Views | Your Eyebrows Say A Lot........ By : sainil
Your Eyebrows Say A Lot........ |
| 145 Views | Poem Of Love By : sainil
Poem Of Love |
| 145 Views | Marriage tradition in africa: lobola By : sainil
Marriage tradition in africa: lobola
Lobola is a century-old tradition, still common throughout Africa. This system requires that a price be paid for the right to marry a women. This practice is still used extensively in contemporary African society and has raised both critical and supportive voices. |
| 145 Views | Discover Yourself By : Khurshid Anand
Before you go out to do research on worldly things search yourself. |