Starting as a single centre in New Delhi in 1989, VLCC is today India's leading chain of health, beauty and fitness centres. Over the period of time, the company has revolutionised the concepts of health and beauty, by consolidating them as one with its “Look Good, Feel Great” mantra.

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© Blu-ray Disc Founders, August 2004
The contents in this White Paper may be modified at the discretion of Format owners.
White paper
Blu-ray Disc Format
General
August 2004
1/37
© Blu-ray Disc Founders, August 2004
The contents in this White Paper may be modified at the discretion of Format owners.
TEG1Part1e040823.doc
INDEX
1. General
1.1 The objective of Blu-ray
1.2 Optimization of the cover layer thickness
1.3 Blu-ray Format
1.3.1 Physical Format
1.3.2 Outline of the file system application format
1.3.2.1 Application Format
1.3.2.2 File System Format
1.3.3 Principal BD Specifications
1.4 Dual Layer
1.5 Contents Protection System and Interface
1.6 Hard-Coating for Bare Discs
1.7 Blu-ray Discs and Cartridges
1.8 Roadmap of the Blu-ray Disc Standard
2/37
© Blu-ray Disc Founders, August 2004
The contents in this White Paper may be modified at the discretion of Format owners.
TEG1Part1e040823.doc
1.1 The Objective of Blu-ray
The standards for 12-cm optical discs, CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray rewritable discs (BD-RE Standard) were
established in 1982, 1996, and 2002, respectively. The recording capacity required by applications was
the important issue when these standards were decided (See Fig.1.1.1). The requirement for CDs was 74
minutes of recording 2-channel audio signals and a capacity of about 800 MB. For DVDs, the requirement
as a video disc was the recording of a movie with a length of two hours and fifteen minutes using the SD
(Standard Definition) with MPEG-2 compression. The capacity was determined to be 4.7 GB considering
the balance with image quality. In the case of the Blu-ray *1) Disc, abbreviated as BD hereafter, a
recording of an HDTV digital broadcast greater than two hours is needed since the BS digital broadcast
started in 2000 and terrestrial digital broadcast has begun in 2003. It was a big motivation for us to
realize the recorder using the optical disc. In a DVD recorder, received and decoded video signals are
compressed by an MPEG encoder and then recorded on the disc. To record in the same fashion for an
HDTV broadcast, an HDTV MPEG-2 encoder is required. However, such a device for home use has not yet
been produced. In the case of BS digital broadcasts, signals are sent as a program stream at a fixed rate,
which is 24 Mbps for one HDTV program. In the program stream of BS digital broadcast there is a case
that the additional data stream is multiplexed, and it is desirable to record and read the data as is.
Fig.1.1.2 shows the recording capacity with the data transfer rate and recording time parameters. Two
hours of recording requires a recording capacity of 22 GB or more. This capacity is about 5 times that of
DVDs, which cannot achieve this capacity by merely increasing their recording density.
Red laser
High Capacity
25 GB
1.2mm CD
DVD
BD
22 GB is necessary to record BS
digital broadcasting.
780 MB was needed to record 2ch PCM
audio for 74 minutes.
Infrared laser
Blue laser

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Buoyed by the upswing in the economy, footwear brands are chalking up ambitious plans for reaching out to a larger audience and claiming a larger share of the wallet. The air of buoyancy is visible: ad budgets are up, MNC brands like Reebok and Adidas have new television commercials on the air after a gap of almost four years and brand shops are flush with a fresh and upgraded product line-up. In terms of strategy, distribution appears to be a major focus area, with reaching out taking precedenc

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Traveling by airplane in this day and age can pose certain challenges. Follows are 10 tips to make dealing with airport security less taxing on the nerves.

Are you searching for Asian food recipes? Stumped? Are you simply not sure the place to look? There are a lot of sources for recipes out there, and even looking for different ethnic meals recipes is not all that difficult. Between the internet, guide stores, libraries and even phrase of mouth- it is simply not that troublesome to find no matter sort of recipe you're looking out for.

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